Q1
An industrial pipework system links two tanks and nominally carries a flow of 5 litr(e)/(s). Currently it includes a sudden expansion of 25 mm to 50mm,5 mitre bends ( 3 on smaller pipe and 2 on the larger diameter pipe) and two globe valves (one on the smaller diameter and one on the larger diameter). It is proposed to modify the pipework to reduce the head loss.
a