(Solved): 2.a) Outline the laws of Kirchoff as applied to pipe networks and develop a general expression for ...

2.a) Outline the laws of Kirchoff as applied to pipe networks and develop a general expression for Hardy-Cross Flow equalisation in a looped pipe system. State any assumptions made. 2.b) A network of pipes is shown in Figure 2. Figure 2 Water distribution pipe network An initial iteration to calculate flows in each of the loops has been carried out as set out in Table 2. Ignoring minor losses and using the Darcy Weisbach friction formula with a constant friction factor, $?=0.020$ for all pipes, carry out a second iteration for all loops. Sketch and specify the final flow rates $(\mathrm{L}/\mathrm{s})$ to one decimal place. Table 2 Initial iteration of flows in network c) Determine the pressure head at node $\mathrm{D}$ coincident with the calculated final flows if the pressure head at node A is $20\mathrm{m}$ and the ground level at node D is $15\mathrm{m}$ lower than that at node $\mathrm{A}$.