(Solved): (a) Explain the sliding window concept in the data link layer, and state what the sender window and ...

(a) Explain the sliding window concept in the data link layer, and state what the sender window and receiver window do. [5 marks] (b) (i) There are several collision-free protocols in the MAC sublayer, such as the Bitmap protocol, token-ring protocol and binary- countdown protocol. Explain one of these protocols and give an example to show how this protocol works. [5 marks] (ii) Describe the principles of TDMA and FDMA with the aid of schematic diagrams. [4 marks] (c) (i) Describe the flooding routing algorithm in the network layer. [4 marks] (ii) With the aid of schematic diagrams, describe the link-by-link and end-to-end methods for the traffic throttling assisted congestion control in the network layer. [4 marks]