A friend of mine told me that the herb echinacea would cure my cold or at least reduce the symptoms if I took it four times a day. So I did what he said, but I didn’t get better any faster. A few months later I caught another cold and took echinacea again—this time at the first sign I was sick. But no luck. Next time I’ll just take some aspirin. Echinacea doesn’t work. Which of the following best characterizes this passage? The passage is inductively valid. The passage is deductively valid. The passage does not contain a cogent argument.