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(Solved): Consider the circuits shown in the figure below. A common problem in electrical engineering involve ...



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Consider the circuits shown in the figure below. A common problem in electrical engineering involves determining the currents and voltages at various locations in resistor circuits. These problems are solved using Kirchhoff's current and voltage rules. The current (or point) rule states that the algebraic sum of all currents entering a node must be zero, or where all current entering the node is considered positive in sign. The current rule is an application of the principle of conservation of charge. The voltage (or loop) rule specifies that the algebraic sum of the potential differences (i.e., voltage changes) in any loop must equal zero. For a resistor circuit, this is expressed as where is the emf (electromotive force) of the voltage sources and is the resistance of any resistors on the loop. Note that the second term derives from Ohm's law, which states that the voltage drop across an ideal resistor is equal to the product of the current and the resistance. Kirchhoff's voltage rule is an expression of the conservation of energy. Compute the currents and the voltages superimposed on the circuit. (Include a minus sign if necessary.) The currents and the voltages superimposed on circuit are


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