In NAACP v. North Hudson Regional Fire & Rescue, the NAACP sued the North Hudson fire department for disparate impact discrimination because the fire department required that potential firefighters live in North Hudson. In North Hudson, only 3% of the population was African-American, while in the Tri-county area, 37.4% of protective services workers were African-American. North Hudson claimed that residency was a business necessity. The court ruled for the NAACP, because there were less discriminatory means of achieving the fire department’s goals. 30. The contract referred to above is: a. procedurally unconscionable b. substantively unconscionable Definitions of each: Procedurally unconscionable - it concerns the manner in which the contract was negotiated and the respective circumstances of the parties at that time, focusing on the level of oppression and surprise involved in the agreement. Oppression addresses the weaker party's absence of choice and unequal bargaining power that results in "no real negotiation". Also known as "take it or leave it" Substantively unconscionable - it is when a contract is unjustifiably one-sided to such an extent that it "shocks the conscience".