(Solved): question 1 /Suppose there are four different users and four relations with the following security cl ...

question 1 /

Suppose there are four different users and four relations with the following security classifications:

Database Users: Noura (Top Secret), Sara (Secret), Ahmed (Confidential), and Omar (Unclassified).

Database Relations: R1 (Top Secret), R2 (Secret), R3 (Confidential), and R4 (Unclassified).

By considering the Bell-LaPadula model properties answer the following:

1. Create a simple table showing each user and his\her ability to (1) read and write; (2) write only; or (3) read only each relation. [1 Mark]
2. Which user can read all relations? Justify your answer. [0.5 Mark]
3. Which user can write all relations? Justify your answer. [0.5 Mark]

question 2 /

Explain one method for Deadlock avoidance and one method for Deadlock detection.

question 3 /

Why is Data Fragmentation Necessary in Database Systems?

A. Discuss the Trade-offs associated with Data Fragmentation.

B. Provide an example of scenarios where Horizontal Data Fragmentation is preferred.

question 4 /

What are the before image (BFIM) and after image (AFIM) of a data item? How does DBMS handle BFIM and AFIM in shadow paging?