The article asserts that downstream activities lead to a stronger competitive advantage than upstream activities. Discuss why the author believes this to be true and your perspective on this idea. Briefly discuss what it means to be a market-oriented firm, as defined in the article. The author suggests businesses find success not by responding to customer’s stated preferences, but by shaping customers’ criteria for purchase. What does this idea mean? Do you agree with this notion? Explain. The article asserts innovation is equally important in downstream activities as much as in upstream activities. Using examples from the article, explain author’s argument.